Journal of Immunology Research and Innovation

ABSTRACT

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a common food allergy among infants, with increasing incidence and severity in recent years. The objective of this study is to review the methods of CMPA diagnosis and treatment, assess the impact of probiotic supplementation on tolerance development, examine the role of butyrate in immune modulation, and investigate preventive measures against the "Atopic March." A comprehensive review of existing guidelines for CMPA diagnosis and treatment was conducted, with a focus on allergen avoidance and nutritional optimization through hypoallergenic formulas. The effectiveness of probiotic supplementation, particularly Lactobacillus casei CRL431 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, in expediting tolerance development was explored. Additionally, the potential of butyrate in modulating immune responses was examined and the impact of hypoallergenic formulas with probiotics, such as LGG was studied, in reducing other allergic manifestations and FGIDs. Studies assessing the preventive measures to curb the progression of FGIDs in CMPA children were also reviewed. This study signifies the achievement of immune tolerance in CMPA management. While some studies suggest a positive impact of probiotics on tolerance development, controversies exist, thus necessitating further research. Nutritional optimization is crucial in preventing growth deficits and micronutrient deficiencies. The potential of butyrate in modulating immune responses and mitigating food allergies is promising. Additionally, hypoallergenic formulas with probiotics may reduce the incidence of other allergic manifestations and FGIDs, while improving oral tolerance acquisition. Preventive measures hold the potential to curb the progression of FGIDs in CMPA children.

Article History

Received 17 July 2024; Revised 19 August 2024; Accepted 4 September 2024

KEYWORDS

1. Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA)
2. Immune tolerance
3. Probiotic supplementation
4. Butyrate
5. Allergic manifestations